Automation Data

This page presents data on how much unpaid work is expected to be automated in the future in Japan and the UK. More specifically, we present 1) automation probabilities of various unpaid work activities based on experts’ opinions (such as engineers and AI researchers), 2) the percentage of individuals who wish to use automated services, and 3) the actual automation probabilities of unpaid labor in households calculated by multiplying these factors. For the automation probabilities, we present results with our original automation score (based on the experts’ prediction 10 years ahead) as well as those by applying three sources of occupation automation probabilities from Frey and Osborne (F&O) (2017), Nomura Research Institute (NRI) (2015), and The UK Office of National Statistics (ONS) (2019). For the definitions of terms used in the graphs and information on the methods, please refer to the ‘Explanation of Data and Methods’.

Index

Experts’ Prediction of Automation % in Time Use of Unpaid Work Activities in 2026 / 2031
Proportion of the Households Intending to Use Automation Services/Devices for Unpaid Work
Automation Score of Unpaid Work by Subactivities
Automated and Non-automated Parts of Unpaid Work by Subactivities
Automated and Non-automated Parts of Unpaid Work by Main activities

About the graph

Graphs 1 and 2, which are shown side by side, display the same data. By changing the filters for each, you can compare the graphs from different perspectives.

1. Experts’ Prediction of Automation % in Time Use of Unpaid Work Activities in 2026 / 2031

2. Proportion of the Households Intending to Use Automation Services/Devices for Unpaid Work

3. Automation Score of Unpaid Work by Subactivities
("1. Experts’ Prediction of Automation % in Time Use of Unpaid Work Activities" * "2. Proportion of the Households Intending to Use Automation Services/Devices for Unpaid Work")

*About Automation Score
・F&O: The automation percentage is based on Frey and Osborne’s (2017) occupational automation scores.
・NRI: The automation percentage is based on Nomura Research Institute's (2015) occupational automation scores.
・ONS: The automation percentage is based on The UK Office of National Statistics' (2019) occupational automation scores.

*The legend will be displayed when you move the cursor over the graphs.

4. Automated and Non-automated Parts of Unpaid Work by Subactivities

5. Automated and Non-automated Parts of Unpaid Work by Main activities